Dear Daughter

Dear Daughter

Female Genital Mutilation in Somalia

Female genital mutilation (FGM) refers to

all procedures involving partial or total removal of the female external genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non- medical reasons[1].

There is no known medical benefit to this harmful practice, which is a significant obstacle for addressing poverty and advancing other areas of human development.[2]

In 2021, UNFPA and the Ifrah Foundation launched the Dear Daughter campaign, a pledging campaign calling for the end of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in Somalia and around the world. Rooted in the principle of personal empowerment, the campaign invited parents and guardians to pledge not to cut their daughters and protect them from the negative consequences of the practice. Women in an internally displaced persons (IDP) camp on the outskirts of Mogadishu also learned about the harmful effects of female genital mutilation (FGM) and shared their personal experiences during workshops.

"[The campaign] is accelerating the voices of women and men alike to end FGM in Somalia."

—Nkiru I. Igbokwe, Gender-Based Violence Specialist, UNFPA Somalia

The campaign also continuously inspires others—whether they are based in Somalia or not—to make a pledge to join the global campaign to end FGM through the website, while promoting the end of FGM in Somalia and beyond.

The risks to girls and women

Those subjected to FGM are at risk of infection, birth complications, haemorrhage and even death. They are also vulnerable to early marriage, dropping out of school, mental health disorders and reduced opportunities for growth, development and sustainable incomes.

More than 200 million women and girls around the world live with the consequences of FGM. In Somalia, 99 percent of girls and women between the ages of 15 and 49 have undergone the procedure - the majority were cut between the ages of five and nine, according to the 2020 Somali Health and Demographic Survey.

Data

Despite United Nations resolutions calling for the elimination of FGM, the practice remains near universal in Somalia with a 99 per cent prevalence rate. Recent estimates indicate that more than 2.1 million girls in Somalia are at risk of FGM between 2015 - 2030[3]

99%

Prevalence rate of FGM in Somalia

5-9

Age range when majority of girls are cut

Causes stem from gender inequality

In Somalia, social drivers and root causes of FGM stem from gender inequality, including a desire to control female sexuality, support for religious narratives, limited access to education and economic opportunities for girls and women and assurance of girls' or women's social status, chastity or marriageability. The practice has persisted as a result of beliefs that uncut women and girls are promiscuous, unclean and physically
undesirable.

Ending harmful practices

In 2008, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) launched the Joint Programme on Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation to end FGM in one generation, which is linked to the Sustainable Development Goal 5 of ending all harmful practices by 2030.